1. Pilot purgatory: Autonomous warehouse operations and AI for decision-making fail to scale due to too many edge cases. The gap from proof-of-concept to production is the core challenge in logistics.
2. Labour shortage and warehouse automation: Structural labour shortages in warehousing and distribution. AMRs (Autonomous Mobile Robots) are becoming standard but governance for human-robot collaboration requires ISO 3691-4 compliance.
3. EU AI Act high-risk classification: Route and fleet optimisation, autonomous vehicles and workforce analysis fall under high-risk. Strict obligations for transparency, human oversight and conformity assessments.
4. Supply chain data silos: Data from TMS, WMS, fleets and customer channels is isolated. Cross-silo intelligence is a prerequisite for effective AI but requires governance for data quality and privacy.